Good afternoon. I'd like to call this meeting the Senate Transportation Committee to order. The time is 1.41 p.m. Thank you, everyone, for your patience as you had another meeting that went a little bit long. Nevertheless, we'll endeavor to discover more about winter road maintenance across our great state. We're in a bunch of it. Room 205 Today is Tuesday, January 27th, 2026, members present are Senator Tobin, Senator Rauscher, Senator Keel, and myself, senator Bjorkman, Senator Stedman will be back shortly. Let the record reflect that we have a quorum to conduct business. Welcome everyone to Senate Transportation. Today, we are assisted by and please extend and esteemed. Senate Transportation, welcome to our recording secretary, Heather Ramseth, and our LAO moderator, Susan Quigley. The only item on our agenda today is winter operations update from the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. Here from the department are Jason Sackalakis, Braille Nicholson, Marcus Zimmerman, Andy Mills, Thank you all for joining us. Whichever of the team would like to join us first. That will be most excellent Please state your name and identifying titles for the record and begin your presentation. Thank You Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you again my first opportunity to be in front of you again, another year, Andy Mills, your legislative liaison for the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. And first up, because of slide order, I'll let Christine introduce herself as well. Hello. Good afternoon. Thank for that opportunity be here today. For the record, my name is Christine Langley, the Data Modernization and Innovation Director for The Department. As we've done in previous years, we brought a team because it really is a statewide effort and there's interest across the whole state. So we wanted to bring the maintenance team and it's in most of the leadership here today just to be sure that you, if you had a specific question or an area of interest that we could bring that answer to you without having to do so in writing later. So hopefully we'll be able to answer any questions you do have. Somewhat quickly, but obviously let us know where you would like to stop and dig in more And we'll rotate through speakers as we we get to the different slides Mr. Chairman if you're ready, we will go ahead and start indeed. Thank you So our first slide is just sort of a primer slide a modern winter operations, so As we continue to remind you in any of our presentations safety is one of our primary focuses and so we appreciate any opportunity to talk about how we're putting safety first and I'm going to go ahead and actually see if Christine would like to address driven by data because that's a core part of how We've really noticed over the last few years that data is what drives the best use of our resources Resource allocation allows us to become proactive in nature instead of reactive And so we've put a lot of effort across the department into Acquiring additional data sets as well as turning that Data into information for the benefit of Our department the public yourselves our funding partners And, so, we're excited to share with you today several of those situations where we have been able to move things forward So, as we've done in previous years, only this one spans an entire slide, so we're trying to fit it in and so apologies again for the small text. We do like to give members of this committee and anyone of interest on emergency response a sense of what the department is doing in the, we call it ER, but emergency-response And certainly the role of the Department of Transportation and Public Facilities has evolved over the last couple of years. The typhoon Merbach and Halong have certainly called on the department to step up and meet the challenge with other agencies and partners. And you will see on this slide deck a full range of different types of floods, wash outs, avalanches, landslides, storms, and numerous other emergencies. would expect the department to be at the forefront of, and others may be a bit of a surprise. I'll pause on this slide and ask because we have such a wide representation from the Department. If there's any particular event or area that you would like one of our team members to comment on or go over, otherwise we'll continue with our presentation. Senator Keel. Mr. Chairman, I actually don't have a question per se. I want to just applaud the department for its role within the executive branch in responding to a huge number of disasters. And I particularly want a flag. I know a lot of folks from here in my district were sent out west. to help with the response to typhoon along people were tapped for expertise that sometimes wasn't in their job description, but was in their heads and they performed admirably. So I want to appreciate, express my appreciation to the department for sending them out there to do right for Alaskans. You guys did good. Senator Tobin. Thank you, thank you Mr. Chairman. And I echo Senator Keel's comments. However, I do have a question just because I'm indicating that you're really being driven by data and so we are seeing an increase in weather events and climate influence impacts to our community infrastructure particularly our road systems and I'm just fascinated by this idea of how you are using the information you are collecting and gleaning to inform responsive design for future DOT installations or infrastructure projects. Through the chair Senator Tobin We have several slides on that as we go forward here But it's one where we're both elevating the expertise that we have in the department as well as bringing in new ideas from outside So we've spent a fair amount of time working out with our research program to Take a look at ideas that might work in The Lore 48 figure out if they can work for Alaska And then start to recognize where those holes in our information systems are so for example areas where We Have Limited communication, we might have limited insight, stretches of highway where we might not have enough road weather information systems. We're starting to try and find those holes and plug them so that we build that picture up continually. Senator Rousher. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I was just wondering now, at mile 60 on 92 on the Glen Highway where the mudslide is. do I think it might have a little bit but when it really does this year will I find it under flooding, wash outs, landslides or other emergencies? It's one the way to look in the future. I see how that's uh thank you. Yeah through the chair uh senator Rauscher I uh some of these defy classification and yet we respond all the same but um if if you do want uh we can have uh Specifically about that event, if you'd like, otherwise happy to provide you more later. We're always prepared at certain locations where we know there are perennial issues, and in many of those cases, as we've previously talked, we're seeking projects that seek to remedy that site because it's perennial, and we want to keep that maintenance issue from reoccurring the Your quarter actually has multiple areas where we need mitigation measures to keep maintenance from reoccurring regularly. Well, maybe as a slide goes on, we'll find a chance for him to come up. Thank you. Thank You. Please continue. For the record, Christine Langley. So as part of our efforts over the last year, really working towards predictive analysis. So we've been ingesting real-time conditions, whether those are traffic speeds, signal timing and signal backup, weather information that's coming in, and starting to use those to look forward. So that instead of recognizing that the public is calling in and letting us know it's snowing, we know that snow is on the way. It's headed and we can start doing that resource Along with that, we've started to work closer with some of our partners. We have developed a very good working relationship. We already had a good working relationships. We've made it better over the last year with the National Weather Service. We started share with them what we need to know looking forward, so it's not only just the event and what's coming, it is what those temperatures might change to after the fact in the next two to three days. designated areas, they will get on calls with us and help us understand what's coming, answer specific questions. We're working closer with some of our other law enforcement partners around the state, any of the groups that have eyes out on the roadway and can let us know what conditions they're seeing and what 's going on. And then we're starting to use these tools to proactively alert our staff and leadership and to help make decisions going into the future. In addition to that, we're able to use satellite communication more and more. So for the first time, we were able watch a vehicle, one of our vehicles work its way all the way up the Dalton Highway, all way back down. That's area we have not had communication in the past. We've not have visibility into, and these tools are allowing us to not only know the real-time conditions, but to be able visibly see what the operator is seeing. This allows us provide them support as well as to get an idea of what those conditions back towards that a picture's worth a thousand words. All of these efforts go to supporting smarter, safer, winter operations. So winter operation is about safety for all transportation users, while it's very important to see that plow truck on the road. There are many individuals out there that are using our transportation system in many ways. In 2025, we had nearly 1.2 million users reach out to 511 and look for conditions. And on that website, they can find images. They can fine real-time traffic speeds. They find low-bridge notifications. They could be alerted for school buses, depending on what part of the state they live in. We can see from the feedback we're getting from public that this is very important to them. They want to see it updated in a timely manner. They wanna see the conditions put out there. Affirmation for us that they are using it and it's worth our investment. We also are increasing our ability to do that reporting that feeds into our system such as 511 from various areas. We've deployed many phones to our operators. This allows us to know where those vehicles are going. You can see those on our winter operations dashboard. time period, you know, eight hours, 16 hours 24 hours and see whether or not a plow has gone by that area and this is helping the public be able to make safe decisions for themselves. In addition to that, we're just let me stuff you one for one second. Thank you so much. This is amazing. Could you curate the images that we see in this slide for us a little bit so that the Republican Chair Berkman definitely, okay, so on the lower left what we are seeing is Hold on This is an area outside of Trapper Creek So this is a area that doesn't historically have good communication and yet it's also a Rather rural location. So if you went out into this area the likelihood that you're going to immediately call someone for assistance that someone's going to happen by might be less than you'd see in other more urban areas of Alaska. Based on what you are seeing on 511 in this location, you can see that plow vehicles are out and you tell which direction they are traveling at this moment so you know if they're on their way On the left slide, if you see the little dots above the plow truck that is on towards the right, that series of breadcrumbs that shows you where they've traveled in the last two hours. And so this is what's going on out there right now type of information. On right hand side, we have our winter operations dashboard. This, what we're looking at here is the Anchorage and Matt Sioux area. Depending on where you zoom in, you'll immediately have the appropriate R-Wiz cameras on the left show up and On the right you can distinguish the different plows based on color which also represents time if it was zoomed in it'd be much more intuitive to look at but you Can see the path that the plow has traveled you? can see that time that it passed by a certain point and you Can use the bottom buttons to? Look at what's happened in the last hour. What's happening in last 12 hours 36 hours? It also identifies the priority level of the roads, which allows you to kind of see, you know, if it doesn't look like it's been plowed yet, but maybe it is a priority three road, you can have some understanding that it is on the way. Our goal with this is to not only let people know what is going on out there, be more transparent, but also if all of us are in here today and we are busy and head to the airport after this, I don't necessarily know where that plow has been, but this allows me to look in there and see, oh, plough passed by in the last two hours. I feel comfortable traveling that road at this point. Excellent. Thank you. Good luck. And Mr. Chairman, Andy Mills for the record. Right now I subscribe to, I think, Facebook groups of... Every jurisdiction represented at this committee where you crowd people crowdsource hey, I'm driving this morning What is the road like and that's the typical way in which I think most communities they have their kind of group about the Road they're concerned on and want to Paying other folks who are on that road where this again is additional tools directly from the agency providing that service to try and give them accurate information and timely information so Again Christine Langley for the record can we go back for one more second So, the other thing that we are working towards with this is integrating this data is going to allow us to do that historical look back at what happened during an event. You know, in the heat of the moment, we're all responding as fast as we can, but there's lessons to be learned in how we allocated the resources, how fast we got out on the Repeat pattern was because it continued to snow and these tools will allow us to do that historical analysis once things quiet down And we can make some decisions in preparation for the next event Tech is fun tech is shiny it takes training and so that's one that we're working hard on We want to be able to use these digital tools and they take effort across our part to make sure that we're aware of how to use them, that the public is aware how to us them. We've recently started, or on the way, is a system called Samsara. We used a research grant and some various other funds, federal dollars, that were able bring in systems in all three regions. SamSara is camera mounted on window screen of the equipment, whether that is a light duty truck or a grater, and with that we're able to see, for example, things like what's going on on the Dalton Highway, along with picking up real-time weather conditions. What is the rate that we are dispensing sand at? What is, you know, is it the blade up or down at this time? And we were working towards training our staff on how to use those and integrating them into our systems. Senator Raucher, thank you. I was wondering, since you mentioned is the plow up or down, right? I get a lot of calls and they say to me, George, I can't believe it, the Plow truck was going down the road and the plot was not going down. Okay, so can you give us reasons why that may happen, you know, because if you're out the particular area, you're a long way from Palmer or you are a long away from wherever. Could you give us reasons so I could relay that next time and reasons why it may or may not because I have no idea. So I'll take this one, Andy Mills for the record and you have behind us again, M&O professionals that will probably do a better job at giving you more of an answer but I would put out, I've seen requests where folks say I don't understand why that pow is up when it's going along and I know from some of those legislative requests that I've responded to it is largely that that resource is going to another area they're not dropping the blade because this the area that they are going through is either not a state road in many cases it can be and so the blad is not needed to be down at that time if you leave your blade down all the time it actually wears the Blade faster and believe it or not we go through blades quite fast and they they cost. In addition to that I know that the M&O folks will probably have some other answers as to why, but I know some folks have complained about seeing the truck just sitting on the side and the person out. and why weren't they plowing the road at the time and when I chased that one down in the Anchorage area it was they were clearing the the snow from the side of their lights so that they were visible to traffic that that person was performing a safety check on their equipment it was perfectly valid for them to be pulled over but a constituent of course was very angry to see a plow not ploughing so oftentimes and they'll provide you perhaps more context there are good It can be frustrating in those situations, but often there's good reason. All right, thank you. Again, for the record, Christine Langley. So as we bring on these tools and these sources of information, we are building our own capacity for winter operations as well as increasing safety with winter operation. We are about to release two new tools. One of them is called drive-wise. It is geared towards alerting on what is up ahead whether that is bridge height, rapid slowdown in traffic movement, steep descent, various other pieces that they might be affected when they're out on the roadway to give them a heads up as to the conditions they are seeing. This will be free to operators to use and commercial vehicle fleets to us and we're excited to add that one more layer into that In addition to that, we're going to, I'm sorry, I lost my place. All right, wait. Next slide. So we keep going. So, sorry. Using these tools, we're starting to create digital twins. So we know connected and autonomous vehicles are on their way. We're already seeing some of the implications of that. And so using these tool, we are able to not only be picking up data for maybe an immediate need, but also data that we can then share with other groups within the department for cost efficiency. So some these are tools that were Putting onto our winter maintenance vehicles are actually giving fleet telematics in condition to our state equipment fleet folks so that they know whether that vehicle needs to come back in. Does it need maintenance at this time? It's going to help us with efficient use of our supplies. Also towards the idea of how many greater blades we're going go through in a year. We end up with emergencies and events and so this is one where every day our winter operations Are getting us ready to support these emergencies And events our efforts at being agile and resourceful allowed us to bring on staff from all over the state in Support of the west coast storms We're working on I think next week is going to have an install of an AI managed pedestrian light in Kodiak. This is going to alert traffic to a pedestrian as they move across the crosswalk. We're very excited to see this go in. It's a pilot project for us to how it works. In addition, we're going to implement what are gonna be called DOT alerts. This a two-way communication system that is geo-fenced. So that means if, for example, there's prolonged closure on the Seward Highway, us. DPS other individuals who need to communicate with folks out on the transportation system will be able to go in there Locate an area. We're not going to blast all of the state of Alaska and Initiate a conversation that people can opt in with so that we can let them know what the conditions are they can Let us know if they're running out of fuel or they cold do they need support of some kind and we're we looking forward to the ways that that's going To improve safety when we do have these events Senator Tobin Thank You mr. Chairman I'm very curious by this AI lighting system, and so I am hopeful that we can just take a quick moment and delve a little bit more in. So I' m familiar with leading lights or lights such as on Northern Lights where I can press the button and it flashes and tells everyone I m about to cross the roadway. Can you talk a bit about this technology, why choose it, is it cheaper than some of these other more mechanical options? In this particular instance, this is a research project on our part and a donation from a vendor, and so it's very cheap. We do expect it to be a cheaper solution in that it can be mounted after the fact onto existing infrastructure. This is going to open up the areas that we can put it in place. It is, a unit that is mounted relatively up high. non-signalized crosswalk. So this means places where we don't have a stop light, for example, we want to decrease safety by confusing individuals with more lights going off. The piece that's different from the system that you're talking about is that, you can imagine almost as if it's a flashlight from up high, and that flashlight is going to follow the individual as they cross the cross walk. you know entity on the road system is aware and Sees that individual lit up until they're all the way across and if I'm if I may anti-mills for the record one of the primary differences in this approach Which was very appealing and we can send a video to you all to watch it in in an example case at least For if you've seen flags at crosswalks people have to grab and cross the RRF B, I think it's a rapid repeating flashing beacon, or something along that lines for the acronym. But it is one where you press affirmatively, and it starts flashing. We have several here in Juneau. They're another part of the state. That requires the pedestrian to take an action for that safety feature. In this case, my understanding is that the technology works without activation by the individual, which is a significant difference to test out the efficacy of that, and also does it work in our conditions well. So this, to me, this is really exciting pilot innovation to check on. And if it does work here, Anchorage is one of those areas where there will be consideration on where to use for pedestrian safety. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I'm thinking, you know, we often have brownouts and other types of things and so there's a curiosity I have particularly around that component. And then also, people come in all different sizes and especially if this technology has been used previously or has been piloted in other places. Does it pick up kids well? What about animals? Just a little bit. I am just very curious. It sounds very intriguing in terms of Through the Chair, Senator Tobin, all great questions. This has only been used in one other state, so Alaska is leading the way. One of the reasons we chose Kodiak is because we did need a pilot project where we had a little fewer individuals crossing. We had little more freedom to take a look at it, see how it goes. One the things with innovating is it's not perfect on day one, right, or let me restate them. It is rarely perfect one day, occasionally we might get there. We were not, we know that we wanted to get them into the Anchorage area. We decided we'd start with something smaller so that we could use it as a test case. I know we have one of our M&O folks down there who is going to bring in their grandson to help us do some of that testing. Yes. We hope to have this install happening next week. So we will definitely be sharing information about it. Well I'm very hopeful that it will be installed before this summer as I will be in Kodiak for the Pioneers of Alaska Conference and I plan to try it and see if it sees me. I believe we're moving to a section I get to present on and is of course in here primarily for The Chairman however Brian is a conversation to have anywhere in the state. But it was one that you, Mr. Chairman, called out specifically for us to address, and so I put a series of slides in here, and do expect for us have a few back and forth should you have anything to ask on this. I would reiterate for anyone watching this that doesn't have the background and or to keep in mind as we're talking this through the subject, anti-icing and deicing. terminologies to distinguish anti-icing, of course, is a pre-treatment of a road where you go before there is ice and snow on it and you treat that road to mitigate the potential bonding of snow and ice to the surface. And then of course de-icing is if there's something already on that surface that you need to tackle or deal with. And so wanted to distinguish those two terms and then also try to, I think I've mentioned this in the past, but wanted to give that we have tried alternatives to the sodium chloride that we currently use in many portions where we're using brine. Beat juice was one, which is quite fascinating. Natural product does come with some side Sacalaskas, I believe northern region, had fun with that for a little bit, trying it. My understanding is that it's sticky, it has a dark color, the public had a reaction to saying something that they did not expect of a different color on the road, and it is more expensive than, you'll find the theme here is largely if it more costly in these tough budget times, we're obviously looking for the most cost-effective solution to ensure safety. calling it the alternative is not as attractive, it's rendered from an animal by-product. I believe pig is the byproduct, so it has an odor to it, it causes vegetation to grow quite well, which of course means additional mitigation on vegetation control, and so there are some drawbacks even though it is an effective alternative. lower freeze point, but so there's differences aside from cost. There's also the range in which you would use that product as an alternative. I put on the right-hand side here, unless there was a question, there on the right hand side, just as a reminder that there is a flowchart logic to when our operators do use, Brian, and I understand from conversations, There are folks who disagree when operators use it, but I wanted to be sure you knew it was not a finger in the wind and Purely discretionary. They are using this this or something like it to make a determination of when to utilize brine in conjunction with forecasts and I understand pavement temperature readings and such Senator Rousher. Yeah through the chair. So So the beet juice the urea they're explored So what's the go-to for both anti-iasing and de-icing, and I guess the question here is corrosiveness. How much corrosive are each one of those two vehicles because a lot of people are swearing up and down. It's I'll be getting home just with a seat on top of four wheels by the time through the chair, Senator Rauscher. So that is the point of having part of this conversation. And in a future slide we talk about a Brian Litt review. And so that that's one of the things that MNO attempts to mitigate by putting inhibitors in Brian, which I will note again for folks who are concerned about Brian and I understand that conversation, An inhibitor is not used in the solid salt, so that you don't use the corrosion inhibitor in a solid product. And you asked initially what is the common used product? Sodium chloride is typically the most utilized product, which I understand is effectively But you can use calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, which work at different temperature ranges have a different effectiveness, but are more corrosive, and therefore would be used in targeted applications, or we would defaulting to sodium chloride. I can let each operator, each of our MNO folks that come up give you a sense of what they're using and where, but it varies. areas where we have not established the, we've not had the capital cost to establish the infrastructure necessary to render the sodium chloride into the 23.3% mixture of water and product to be effective in a brine truck that then applies it to the road, to this hand. All right, thank you. Mr. Chairman, moving to next slide. I tried resisting using this before, because it does have a product name on it, but I also wanted to be sure I gave sort of credit as to we did not create this, so I wanted to give you an example and I call it a marketing piece on purpose because obviously any vendor is attempting to sell their product. for why the department and departments across other states are using brine as opposed to solid salt. So in this, and again, this is an example, time frame wise, I'm not 100% sure when this was done, so dollar figures, I don't have the background information on this. But you can see that we've said if you use liquid brine, which is the solid salt rendered into a liquid form, that you are using overall less product for the same net effect on a per-lane mile basis. You can make that comparison there and you can see from an anti-icing. So we've tried to explain if you put a solid-salt down, usually with sand or maybe on its own, you generally have to use more product to get the unless you render it and spray that application on the road. Again, here it notes the application speed. I think that's going to vary on equipment. But if you are going faster or slower, there is a bounce in scatter with solid materials as opposed to spraying it. Again the MNO staff can talk to you about our particular application methods. in multiple conversations on the Keynite Peninsula, talk about the need for additional equipment and operators to achieve the same sort of clearing standard if we were to eliminate brine use entirely, because you need to make additional passes on that same road to keep it in condition. And in the future slide, you'll see if you do not get to a road to pre-treat it, traffic can cause snow to compact into an ice that is then quite difficult to get off the road and Everyone's lived in the state long enough to know that's a fact. It's about when you get to the Road As to how much that that compacts down and what you might be able to give up with a blade I'll pause here in case there's question on this line Okay, so I pull up again the spotlighting for the keen eye peninsula just to be sure I'm putting this on the record for the for Chairman given the request that we have been Reduced we did reduce the amount of brine used on The Keen Eye Peninsula per again Assembly or council. I am not sure which one it's assembly, right? Mr. resolutions and also considerable public input that we received, and being responsive to that public local input, we did make reductions, but we are still maintaining brine use on the sterling, the sewer, the keen-eye, spur, k-beach, a portion of k beach road in britjaxas. You'll note that's primarily the higher speed roads. And where you have higher-speed roads, of course, speed, equals the potential for safety concerns. And so for the department in particular, making sure that we keep the highest speed roads as safe as possible is trying to fulfill the mission of safety for public. I know that the retort then is, if there's corrosion on the car, that's a safety issue. And I believe that that why we have sought to reduce Ryan use on on The Peninsula to balance both safety on the roads and responsible use of our limited resources to accomplish the task of. So one more slide. OK, so this is the I want to give credit where credit is due. This is The Senator's photo, Senator Bjorkman's photo. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for this. I appreciate it. It's a beautiful photo on its own. I did mark the roads. Mackie Lake is, of course, the one you're looking down and Sterling Highway is in front. And of course, this illustrates quite perfectly. Mackey Lake is a priority three road. Priority three Road means we're taking care of the higher speed of volume one and two roads first. You will not see a DOT clearing activity on this priority, three roads until the one, priority one in priority two road are clear and the event has stopped. And so for folks to understand, if you do not pre-treat a surface, you can get this effect, which we described earlier, speed bumps, speed humps, washboarding, I'm not sure what we want to call it. But that is a logical result of not either not getting the blade on it sooner, which again is the priority three road. We have other roads that operators are on first, or being able to mitigate before that pack binds down to the road Senator Russia So thank you through the chair Not my area anymore But in my old district area. I had Delta Junction and from Delta junction to Fairbanks There's a lot of this. Okay, hard and I said looks a little bit more slick than this so We didn't get out there with a blade soon enough or what was the answer to why this happened? I might also ask through the chair, Senator Russell, I may actually ask Mr. Sackler to come up and assist me, but my cheeky answer, to start with, of course, is we live in Alaska and do expect that winter is going to result in our roadways having some of the pack that you would see on here, especially on the longer routes. Since you brought up a very specific area might as well have the expert answer the question For the record Jason sack Laschus nor the region maintenance and operations chief through the chair senator Russia Predominately what you see between Delta and Fairbanks some of those issues is we've had multiple rain events over the last couple of years What we have is freezing pavement temperatures. We all know that interior is quite a bit colder. So what we're seeing there is basically the rains hitting the roadways and freezing pretty much instantaneously. With a brine usage program, we do have brin usage programs in Fairbanks, but really doesn't extend outside Fairbank's proper. And the primary reason for that is When we install brine the lowest temperature normally we install around Fairbanks area is about 20 degrees above zero. So really we stop I'll say you know throughout the winter maintenance time frames we usually stop brin application really around you know September October-ish because we get into the negative temperatures we get freezing temperature freezing pavement temperatures, and if you apply brine during those temperatures what you can actually do is create chemical icing. So you're actually applying and it's freezing to the roadway. So in these circumstances a lot of times what do you see between Delta and Fairbanks or in the interior, your CS grooving the ice quite often with basically our plow trucks and underbody blades and also using quite a bit of sand. A lot that sand is not treated with salt or any type of additive, although it can be pre-treated slightly when it's applied with a pre wetting type material, and that is a brine usage, and the intent there is that with pre-wet it actually applies a little bit of the brine material to the sand as it's being dispersed which makes it wet and it actually freezes a sand in place. So what you're trying to do is get that sand to stick and stay longer in the treads where the traffic is traveling. Just a quick follow-up. Scarfire, how how effective are you at that point you you know, now you've got the highs that you see in this photo here, and they're actually a little flatter and quite more and patchy. How effective is Scarfire at this point? through the chair, center of Russia. I will say the scar fires are pretty effective at creating grooves and alignment for traction. So that's primarily why they do that. Obviously, as you wear the road surface down in the ice, you do slowly remove it over time. The other thing that we do is we do have a couple tools also called, basically they're a little bit of a roadway profiler. And they are a set of teeth on a mandrel drum that are actually used in front of the plow truck. that does is it actually tries to retexture the entire surface of the roadway and actually remove some of, I'll say, undulations like you're seeing in these circumstances. We only have a couple of those units because they are quite expensive to run and the wear blades are pretty expensive on them as well. So they're only used during certain circumstances, so. Well, thank you very much. I appreciate it. Yep, and thank- Thank you. Mr. Mills and Mr.. Sakhalaskis. I can't take credit for this photo I'm much like the photo we looked at last year from almost the same exact spot looking the other direction through the correct windshield that was not mine This this Photo was taken by a guy by the name of CEO runs from so I'll give him credit. For for that by and large aside from the damage done to vehicles and The environment by brine People were used to having roads that were white and snow-packed in the winter. White roads in winter reflected light, made moose much more visible, had pretty good traction, and that was just something that people on the Kena Peninsula and other parts of Alaska were use to driving on, and the roads did not look like this before brine treatment. is not allowing us to go back to those kinds of conditions, is that just a rosy way of thinking, because I clearly remember driving on roads that were white, packless snow, and they didn't look like the cratered surface of the moon. What's different? I'll say Jason Cyclopsus for the record, Madam Chair, be welcome. I will say I've seen it worked in maintenance for probably the last 10 to 15 years, grew up in Bournon, Alaska. And what I do see is a lot of our temperature changes and fluctuations is changing some of the response to roadways. I would say we still have in northern regions still pretty cold climate, you'll drive up there and you will see all say snowpack road ways. I'll say won't remove the snow from the roadway. We do try to to keep a bare surface if possible, but I do note on roads like the Stease Highway, Elliott Highway running north, those kind of things. I notice that we do have snowpack on the roadways or there could be underlying ice on them too. And if they're sanded well, grooved well they do produce a good traction for the traveling public. So I think it depends on really how the winter events Deposit the snow the temperatures at which the pavement are at a lot of varying factors go into what can produce the condition of the roadway And how we may respond to it. So it's not probably a single Word answer to give to you, but I will say it kind of depends upon how the snowball or Precipitation hits the road with temperatures are and how are responding during those operations, so Senator Tobin. Thank you. Mr. Chairman So I'm curious as we look toward and I know you have some slides on maintenance and operations and you have just indicated that you've been with the department for going on almost two decades. How are you preparing for the changing conditions? What has been the input that you provided to your supervisors and to the folks who do maintenance materials and equipment Yeah, through the chair, Senator Rialkman, sorry, I will say we've looked at Primarily focus on our brine program. We haven't used brin. I'll say in the state for an extended time period meaning like 20 years or it's been within the last probably 10 or 15 years that we've been looking at that. We've then keeping up with technology with regards to the anti corrosion and using it. Also trying to facilitate public comments on it and attend to those needs because it also corrosive to our equipment to so we want to adhere to that We look at different cutting edges, tools that are out there. We try to attend conferences, be part of national programs. There are what people may not know that there is actually whole committees of the West Coast committees that actually do. I'll say when our snows states get together and do research projects on whether it is how material is binding to the roadways or its equipment, how they're removing materials. So I will say we're trying to tackle it with regards to several different things, whether its a chemical type application or a mechanical type application both with attachments or specialized equipment to do that. So trying keep up with the industry, reviewing what's available and trying those things out a lot of other technologies with her reason, so. Thank you. Please continue. And Andy Mills for the record. I would add Senator Tobin that we also, just as I mentioned, one of our leadership team meetings that We held at the University of Alaska Fairbanks did have the Alaska Climate Research Center folks come in and speak to our entire leadership team about, you know, How do we grapple with changing conditions? And so there are lots of threads that we pull on to make sure we're understanding what resources are available for us to understand what the future looks like, so. My last slide on Brian is on the, there was a literature report, literature review that initiate, and this was of course was a statewide effort, not just something for the Keyni Peninsula. And it utilized some research funds to conduct a review of literature and also an internal sort of resourcing of corrosion concerns in Alaska and mitigation measures. And that was done with, you can see on the cover, I tried to keep it readable, Laura Faye, who is a resource that we have utilized a few times. And she is considered a sort of, I don't know about lead, but she certainly is very competent in the area given her work at, I think it's the University of Montana Arctic Maintenance. Anyway, she's an authority in that area. brought her into this work and produced this report. And it does also contain fact sheets and some guidance for both the operators, our department, and also the public on ways to mitigate Brian. I will mention, because the conversation usually ends up being less Brian, more of what the Matu Valley is doing, where they do not utilize Brian? There I want to be sure both from the resourcing conversation of what it would take to get the Kenai Peninsula there, but also Folks are kind of considering one side of the equation, but added sand is another that we want to Be sure we're highlighting as you increase sand use which could be one offset to brine use that you you do Clog storm drains that does actually impact the health of a vehicle by chipping and whatnot So there's there is always trade-offs in any strategy. We attempt to approach So I'm just making sure I mention it as a we're always weighing the body of Interest evidence and resourcing to make the best call we can I've been advancing now to the central region slides where Burrell, we'll take this over. Good afternoon committee. My name is for the record, Burell Nickison, Central Region, Maintenance and Operations Manager. Thank you again for having us. Please to present this information and do stop me if you have any questions. I'm just going to take you through some of the past fiscal years, as well as currently what's going on with our central region, snow and ice removal this winter. So this is going be somewhat of a regurgitation of some information on there. So again, stop me if you have questions. So we have contracted services as was mentioned before. Mr. Sakhalakis, who just spoke before me, I believe was running these contracts approximately one to two years in northern region before central region started them. We've started them three years ago in Anchorage and then two year ago, or excuse me this is the second In FY 25, our contracted costs were approximately 550,000. FY 26, we are currently running expenses of about 164 K. That, if you are paying attention to what is happening in Anchorage today, is going to change. We are going be calling out contractors today. So, and there's the number of times that we've called them out. But that goes up and down, and just to give you a sense for how these contractors, how these contracts are handled, they are receiving an on-call amount just because they're waiting by the phone for us. But then they also receive different, or they'll also submit different expenses for when they are called out. Senator Rousher. Yeah, thank you. I appreciate time through the chair. So this is the first time I've sat on on Right on transportation. So for the folks at home and for myself, I just heard you mention For so if you could tell us what all the time limitations are to each one of these road classifications if you're attacking a road one or two or three or four just so we all understand when and where you may or may not show up. Through the chair again for the record Burrell-Nikison right here and he just pulled up a slide if you can see it priority level one I'm gonna have to read it from here I 12 hours, and then priority level two is 18. And then, priority Level 3, I don't have my glasses on. I'll take this one, Andy Mills for the record. Priority Level three is 24 hours. Priority level four is 30 hours and red is not maintained during the winter time. That's typically a closed road or some road that's not maintain during wintertime. remind folks when they read those time frames that's not the time to expect service that the times when the event ends and our target to get to it so if an event starts and it lasts for 48 hours these time frames can be appended onto the end of that amount is is how we a little complicated but to make sure we reinforce when we're talking about these priorities we'll quick follow up on that one Sometimes you have a lingering little snow for days. When does the event and in your opinion for talking about a snowstorm? For the record again, Burrell-Nikison, Central Region Maintenance and Operations Manager through the chair, Senator Rauscher. It's largely determined by the superintendent and the maintenance folks out there on when it is kind of closed. So, if there's significant snowfall or significant water coming down from the skies, then, yeah, the event continues, but once it tapers off, usually the superintendent of that area makes the call. Moving on but actually if you would let me sidetrack because I believe there was two questions That I just now remembered that may need to be answered for central region So if he would allow me through the chair senator Rauscher you asked earlier What would the muddy Creek situation be presented as if we had an emergency? me personally And I think the my my chief in the back we'd probably call that a landslide Yeah, and in fact a bit more details about that. We actually have drawn that area a number of times and part of the mountain has actually landslideed approximately five miles up Creek of that one. We're quite far since you brought that up. Thank you very much. I appreciate it. the area way out over time whether it's weeks, months or years or decades. So do you see an end to this somewhere from what you've seen with your drone? We're in for a long spell here. I just want to get an understanding of how drastic we are looking at an area that's completely sending mud Reaching the highway at a point. So how long do you expect that to happen? Through the chair Senator Rousher, we have looked at the amount of material that slid on that mountain and it's quite significant We would anticipate that it is going to come down for a number of years to Come and It's probably going get more steady as it does don't I I apologize I don't know how long you've been in that area but haven't seen that area over a number of years. It is getting more frequent. I will say this whole all the events To try and create a bridge over that and the idea is is that that would allow the material to free flow as well As allow maintenance equipment to get underneath that bridge and take care of the situation so that it doesn't It doesnít get blocked There was one more question to that Andy had pointed out so through the chair we use sodium chloride throughout throughout central region And we utilize that for both Brian as well as, as Jason mentioned when we mix it with sand. Thank you all, so I appreciate it through the chair. No questions, I'll go ahead and move forward. I just wanted to include this slide and this information here because Anchorage over the last few years has received a number of complaints about sidewalks. discuss that here in another meeting as well too but this gives you a sense of how much we how, much the anchorage and matsu and peninsula actually have for equipment clearing sidewalks obviously it's it not a lot and these things kind of move slow i believe it was two years ago we went through Excuse me, two seasons of pins for our snow clearing snow blowers on the sidewalks. That's how bad it got. So these things are kind of fragile pieces equipment, but they're very valuable and they are utilized quite a bit. So let's just give you a sense of what we have. Senator Tobin. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. So, I know last year we talked about a better priority plan for a sidewalk clearing. Unfortunately, I have heard from some of my constituents that they're still not seeing state. sidewalks cleared seven, eight, nine days after a snow event. I myself as many folks know like to walk everywhere and so I walked to a doctor's appointment at regional from my home in Fairview and then on to trying to get to Costco which that is a state cleared road and it was not cleared. I ended up having to walk actually right there on 15th and was very scary and either more equipment or be more effective and efficient in the sidewalk clearing. There's a lot of folks who really enjoy using our beautiful assets along our roadways. And I want to ensure that they're safe to use. Through the chair, Burrell-Niggison, Senator Tobin, we have. We recognized, I think, some of the issues that got brought up during those big events, those two years in a row. We've spent a lot of time talking with the municipality, both the last administration and this administration. We're trying to share resources. We are trying share event responses. We're working hard to get new equipment and new equipment comes with the cost. And then we have to find staff that can jump into that and be prepared. So a lot of this, well, not a lotta it, but some of it is non-perm employees. So just making sure that we have a competent staff on board and keeping that staff. And again, getting them trained up. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Well, please let us know what we can do. I know there's been a lot of conversation around how the state can support winter maintenance and anchorage, what resources we might be able to get for you. I understand that we are in severe and tight fiscal constraints. However, this is a core function of our state is ensuring our neighbors are able to be where they need to safely. Particularly, again, in my case, trying to go to a doctor's appointment. Those are things that we want to ensure residents are able access and. If the barrier is snow and us having the inability to remove it effectively and efficiently, then that is a cost we must bear. Through the chair, we will certainly do that. Andy responds to and forwards a lot of that information. And myself and actually my chief in the back here, Kirk Warren, respond to just as much as well as the folks in field. So certainly will. and for the record Andy Mills on that same point, the little over 5 million in reduction last year and then the FY26 is one thing that I know the FY27 budget at least as proposed is seeking to address so that we can make sure that sidewalks, which we all know in the full list of all the things that operators are working on, because it doesn't take a CDL, there are more opportunities for us to try and find solutions, If you have a CDO, we need to keep you on the roads and clearing those, which we also get plenty of input that they want to see better service on those as well. So, but we are, I think by making sure folks understand that the supplementary contracts that we have in place include sidewalks, priority three, priority four and sidewalks. That's meant to be a resource for us to try and pick that up while operators may be out on the priority ones and twos. I agree that that needs to be a priority we stay on top of so Senator kill I have a question. Oh, thank you. Mr. Chairman. I was just gonna let mr. Mills know the same question is coming for South Coast So this this slide right here is going to kind of discuss what we just got done talking about and that's the difficulty of Plowing a sidewalk once we get to a road And if I may, I think one thing that I failed to mention, and I know I've been here prior years, and so I have mentioned in prior year's, but not now, is that we actually have a different priority system for Anchorage sidewalks. And Christine, who spoke prior to me, her... I don't want to put her on the spot, but I believe her folks are expanding that. And that's going to go into Juneau, Fairbanks, Matsu, Kenai pathways and sidewalks and things like that, so there actually is, if you jump on that DOT website, a different priority website for sidewalks. So in with regards to this slide, this kind of gives you an idea for some of the problem areas that we have. To kind of get a sense we have very limited priority or very limited right-of-way on Minnesota Fireweed, Seward Highway between 36th 15th and then Northern Lights Boulevard in Benson Fifth Avenue, Northern lights on Benson. We we can feel quite a number of comments on that one too because the businesses are there and they're trying to clear those lots too but in these kinds of situations what we have to do is we actually have plow the snow up onto the sidewalk and then come back and pull it with a grater and we cannot do that until we blow it into trucks off the road. So we need to have our truckers do some with our own with their own trucks, but a lot of times we can contract that out. So that can sometimes take time and it really just depends on where our priorities are. But these just give an idea of where we have problem events, sidewalks, roads. One other situation that we've been trying to work on recently is the snow dump availability again Going back to we been talking a lot with the municipality of Anchorage They've Been doing a great job of sharing some of their snow dumb sites with us The state of Alaska in Anchorage only has one snow dump and it's at O'Malley and Old Seward Highway. We are looking to expand that and we're working through permitting, through the municipality and were pretty close on that. But the good thing is when we work with the municipalities, we get to share their lots They've expanded and they're building a new one so maybe some of their old ones will open up for us so we'll see what the future brings. Just some different challenges. I've been talking a lot about Anchorage here, but I wanted to talk about our other districts. Brian, specific issues. Again, this is what Andy talked about. We're only using Brian. We'd like to use Brian on more locations, but, I know the public expectation. And so we've cut that back. This year, we have seen an extreme difficulty retaining operators, which is making training of of new positions, very difficult. When you don't have positions that have expertise in a number of years behind the driver, behind behind wheel, it can be kind of difficult, Matsu specific area. We had a wind event, a few of them actually. We've got a lot of repairs that we're still trying to catch up on. Again, training new staff, Southwest, you all are familiar with the typhoon response. That's still ongoing, utilization of the Bethel Airport for materials and things like that. It has been, I know, great for that response, and then also the Bessel Tower is expected to be closed there due to repairs for a number of months. So we're going to see how flights in and out of Bethe will come, but it's not affecting Senator Rauscher has a question. Yeah, thank you, Chief Chair. So 300,000 for repairs because of when, what are the, I guess I want to understand what was damaged as far as the wind goes, as fast as DOT is concerned. Through the chair, Senator Rouscher, we had lighting damages, some of our luminaires, some the stop. stoplights, some a lot of our signage, we actually had some sheds that got blown down that we use for storage of equipment. So all state all-state resources that just basically need to be replaced and either by in-house or or purchase. And a follow-up question. So this year we had a lautless snow. A lot more wind granite. This is true. So we had a lot less snow. In fact, I don't even know if it even got here till about two weeks ago I'm just gonna rough guess So are we money ahead this year? As far as the cost that we usually incur or moving snow For and I am not talking specifically about anchorage. I sure there's an exception in this math somewhere, but The rest of the the rest the essential reason it seems like it's been a light year Is your your particular region money ahead now as opposed to where it usually is about this time if so If not just I just wonder how it works out through the chair I don't know the answer to that, and I'm hopeful that you're going to let us get back to you on that. Yeah, yeah, but I can say, I can speak for the Anchorage situation only because I was on the phone with the superintendent earlier this morning, and we're blowing through expenses, yeah. And I would imagine with the repairs due to all the wind damage, we are going probably even out, but we'll see. Through the chair. So where does central stop on the parks highway? That would through the Chair that would be my post 163 63. Thank you very much Thank You And for the record Andy Mills mr. Chairman I see we have 10 minutes left and quite a few more slides is there anything you would like us to jump to or I think if we could jump too maybe the the equipment fleet and just talk about that briefly we can have a part two at a date sometime soon if that works for all of you we are I believe this Thursday and how the house transportation the other a body's transportation committee. So we would have to find the time that would work, but certainly we'll end up finding some time, absolutely. Well, if it's okay with the rest of the committee, if you want to jump to the equipment fleet or if there are other slides that you'd like to chat about before we do that. Can I ask a question that might help transition? Absolutely. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Our. prior presenter at Central Region had a slide about mentioned I think difficulty with hiring and keeping people and training folks like Crazy to do the work and it's technical work takes training. We had and certainly as we head into mechanics there has been a long-running problem with the a salary study released last year that said we're paying well more than we need to be to attract these folks. We're up over 100% of the target. What are you doing? What're you able to do? Any proposal to keep the people you train so that we don't have to retrain constantly and we get the benefit of really expert operators So, Annie Mills, I might let Mr. Sakalaska's take the operator piece and then I believe Christy is calling in on the line so hopefully she'll be able to contribute for the SCF mechanic piece. For the record, Jason Saklaska is part of the Region Maintenance Chief. Um, with regards to retention of equipment operators, um, we actually do have a slide in here that does show where we were at last year, uh, versus this year. Um it was actually within some of my slide decks here was looking to kind of emphasize some of the areas where, we have seen some increased performance or some increase recruitment for equipment operators. Uh, we've pretty much predominantly increased in quite a few districts, um across the state. Um but we still do struggle in isolated pockets for equipment. I find that a lot of that's in some of our remote communities. I've got some those with regards to like Cordova. For example, we're out west, some our Cotsabue, Gnome type areas. We've really got strong industry in those locations, and also I'll say maybe a small population to select from. So while we try to attract our operators, sometimes we don't get the applicants in. One of the things that we are doing, programs and we are able to bring in new staff with regards to allowing them CDL testing. And so they can get their license and we can train them internal. Some of that's some position management for us that we have to be focused on to get those kind of operations done. But we do have a statewide program in that. And I will say a lot of the training funds are fortunately through our federal programs. So not being born by our operating budget. So that is another also a good thing that we are doing there. With regards to some of our other locations we different types of operators that we do recruit for and what I mean by that is we do have some specially trained I guess I'll say individual that more work at airports require a little more credentials and those kind of things. to attract in some of those locations we've been looking at flex time schedules or different shift schedules more of a two on two off trying to track different personnel maybe out of what I'll say is maybe some the larger communities and transitioning them to work in the remote communities on that kind of schedule so more a travel in work your shift and then travel back out that costs a little bit more for expense but we are able to keep some those positions filled in doing that so So those are a couple of things that we're doing with regards to internally, operationally for equipment operators, to try to attract, retain, and then work with them and grow them within our department. And Andy Mills for the record. Christy tried in true number two at the State Equipment Fleet, or S.E.F. is on the phone, she confirms. I will add commentary-wise at least that, similar to the maritime industry, when you it is difficult as far as the competitive nature of a smaller recruitment pool. We've heard this in several areas. I anecdotally would think it's maybe somewhere between the gig economy and folks, having options at home or having the options. The hands-on work, we'd like to get more people into the hands on work. And so, but I do think there are some Headwinds in our modern times to getting more folks out there and getting their their hands a little grease on them So of course, I'm here pushing papers rather than doing that myself. Maybe that's my next career move, but Christie on the phone will give you the direct insight on The light and heavy duty mechanics at our state equipment fleet Christie please state your name for the record welcome to Senate transportation Thank you. My name is Christy Futrell. I'm a contracting officer with state equipment, please Could you please provide your commentary based on mr. Mills prompt Absolutely through the chair We at City Credit Fleet have some of the same challenges with operators. A lot of their vacancies that you'll see throughout for us are in a lot of remote areas, so there's definitely some challenges there. We have tried to do different schedules, two weeks on, two week off, some locations we've had to provide housing to keep staff on. So, logistically, a lot of the more remote areas are just really hard for us to keep filled. A lot as mechanical work we do now is also very technical. So there's some training pieces that kind of go into that. It just takes people a little longer to get on board and work on some of this newer style equipment. Send it around so I'd like to pop on that real quick. So I look at let's let slide 21 There you go, so you know, I think there's some Sumilization to what you've been saying here. Yeah, you have a big pool of people Matt soo you're down the one two vacancies, right? so You know acreage to vacancies out of 46 So then you get out a Valdez. Okay? And so it's eight, eight vacancies and a 26. So is it location, location? Location? What's, you know, I'm trying to understand, just trying stay, because somebody was in my office just the other day and they're going, why is the past getting closed so much more often? Okay, then it used to be, and I had no idea. And I have no way it was getting more closed more often than it use to being. I don't even know if you do so. But either way, is that part of the equation? And if so, why is the eight so high? So through the chair, Senator Rouscher, Jason Cyclaskis for the record. So within what you're reviewing here, let me go over really just the slide real quick. These are our district numbers. So, within a district, you have several stations. So one of things, and I can speak specifically to Valdez, which also can translate to many of the districts that are shown here. I mentioned Cordova. Cordova is actually a station within our Valdez district. I specifically have, I think, eight personnel there, and I have four or five vacancies in that location. So to look at Valdiz as a district, You can say they have eight positions vacant, but one of my major locations that problem is actually in Cordova. So there's a little bit of skewed numbers in here with what you guys are looking at. If we were to break it down all the way into station level, I think that would give us the detail of a focused review on where those are. We obviously know that within our department, what we manage, and we try to keep the slide deck somewhat short and condensed for easy understanding. But our. easy, I'll say display. With that though, you're going to get into nuances with some of those to speak specifically to Thompson Pass. I'm not sure that I can say it is or is not closing more or less. It really does depend on our winter and the winter events that are come at us. We have done specifically a lot more outreach and communication because we did have meetings with the public there. Try to understand what really Does impact the community and how long of notice times they need. So we've been a lot more proactive with regards to either through our 5-1-one system, our gov delivery system and those kind of things. And some of that comes into the technology that we're talking about, trying to be more pro-active in forecasting our storms and trying lead out with potential closure notices or giving industry that. That's kind, well, that's something that we are doing now. It's a little bit risky because we not weather forecasters, but we have a lotta information, I guess I'll say overcome our capacities or close our roadways when those kind of conditions occur. So we're trying to be a little more proactive in there. But overall, you'll see some of these numbers, even like Western, most of my vacancy there is in kind actually known proper, not out in Cotsview and those kinds of other locations. You've got station-specific focus vacancy that directs the impact more to that community than it is the whole district. I hope that numbers that there's a little more detail and can go into focus discussions with everybody outside of this if necessary. I really appreciate it. Thank you very much for that. Thank You. I just have a clarifying question about information on slide 18 and then on 21. 18 says extreme difficulty in retaining operators and then currently 10 out of 47 operator positions are vacant. Peninsula, it says five out of 46 operators are vacant, which is the correct figure. Chair Bjorkman, I'd have to either consult with I'll say Barrell, or we can actually probably get back with you on the data set there. There may have been a little bit of error there, do you know offhand, Bella? So there might be a slide miss error in that one, so. But we can get back with you on the correct numbers very well, okay We're gonna stick around for a few minutes in here about the equipment fleet or do you want to call it a day? Thank you But you plan go ahead. Yeah, thank you If we could just pick up just for few more minutes slide 37 Thank You very much Ms. Rutrell if you could just tell us a little bit about the equipment fleet we would be very appreciative Absolutely for the record Christie's control through the care the state equipment we really are have had a slight improvement on our vacancies. Again, we're still constantly recruiting, trying to get people to come in, trying be a little, you know, having to be flexible with schedules and whatnot. We do have a lot of mechanics traveling to other areas to help keep the equipment up and running. Sometimes, just stick our challenge for us. We are continuing to expand our fleet and try different technologies. Some of our most recent things that we are doing is adding snow blowers to ag tractors, trying to be able to utilize that equipment all year round instead of just knowing in So that is something that we have implemented in a couple of locations. Anchorage has what I believe is an e-mountments in the back to Valley. So we are just trying to help get M&M some more tools to use your round with the operators that they have. We also have 18 new plant trucks that were put in service over the last 12 months. Hopefully, being able to retire some of those older, more problematic units. We also have 30 more contracts. They are actually just being delivered to the up sitter as we speak, and we will start to see those arrive in Alaska probably early to mid-April and then through the end of the year to get more contract in service statewide, actually. Kind of where we're at right now. I'd be happy to answer any questions Thank you very much miss food trail in the budget last year There was an attempt to save some money by the legislature By extending the life of the equipment fleet Those items were We're vetoed and now are some discussion about essentially re-appropriations that occurred At the Senate finance table Those reappropriation by the governor and essentially agencies This I would assume is one of them could you tell us a little bit about the equipment that you did purchase and rationale as to What equipment was purchased based on on need and why why it was that life of equipment cannot be extended? Sure, Christy, if you travel further, through the chair, the extending the life of equipment gets harder and harder for us to do. We typically try and get the permit replaced before it becomes such a maintenance nightmare, if you will. We definitely run into issues with being able to get parked. We have manufacturers that, you know, go out of business. People that are building a component go at a business, the longer we keep The cost to keep it up and running is definitely a challenge. So while we can do it, the off side to that is that then the maintenance costs tend to start to go up. So trying to identify that happy point, if you will, becomes a challenge when we look at replacing stuff, we are definitely each piece of the equipment line by line. How many hours, how much maintenance cost, how many downtime. Does it meet the need of this apartment? So it's quite a process that we that, we go through. And right now for the past three years, I can say, we're really focused on replacing the things that are kind of, the worst of their worst. Thank you very much for that response, I greatly appreciate it. When there is a loss of a piece of equipment due to an accident or kind of unforeseen mechanical failure, what type of insurance protections exist for the state, if there's an incident where a vehicle gets totaled or what happens in that instance, do we have insurance to cover that loss? For the record, Kristi Futrell, for the care, we do not. The state is self-insured. So if there is an accident, any department, state department that has a state vehicle, it is a direct cost to the agency unless we can recover insurance funds from a third party. We are fairly successful in doing that when there's a Third Party involved. Unfortunately, that's not always the case. If there is no third party, it becomes the operating budget of the museum department that takes care of that as a lot. Okay. I think there's a Michael Jackson song like that. Just eat it. Okay, any further questions? I I'll think we'll leave that here for today we'll come back and revisit. Maybe at a time we have a cool kiddo who won caring for the Kenai contest with her project for brine replacement with the graphene particles, not just for vaccines. So we will hear about graphene and potential replacement for Brine As there is no further business to come before the Senate Transportation Committee today, we are adjourned at 3.08 PM. Thank you.